# 🎯 Objective
This lesson is designed to take you back to the very beginning of the Cardano journey, where it all started. By the end of this lesson, you'll have a solid understanding of how Cardano was conceived, the visionary entities that brought it to life, and the foundational steps that set the stage for everything that came after.

## 📚 Content Overview: 
Cardano is a third-generation blockchain platform launched in 2017, born from a visionary idea: to create a blockchain that could overcome the limitations of its predecessors, offering a platform that was both scalable and sustainable. It was conceived and developed by three key entities, each playing a crucial role in its formation and growth.

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### ⚙️ IOHK (Input Output Hong Kong) 

-Founded by Charles Hoskinson and Jeremy Wood, IOHK is the engineering powerhouse responsible for the technical development of Cardano. They led the creation of Cardano's proof-of-stake consensus protocol, Ouroboros, known for its energy efficiency and security. IOHK’s research-driven approach, including the publication of numerous peer-reviewed papers, has laid the technical foundation for Cardano ​(
[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardano_(blockchain_platform))
,
[IOHK](https://iohk.io/en/blog/posts/2022/09/27/cardano-5-years-on/) ).

### 💼 Emurgo 

As the commercial arm of Cardano, Emurgo focuses on driving the adoption of the blockchain by developing and supporting applications built on the platform. Emurgo plays a vital role in fostering the commercial ecosystem surrounding Cardano, bridging the gap between the technology and its real-world applications​( [IOHK](https://cardano.org/entities/),
 [EMURGO](https://www.emurgo.io/press-news/meet-cardano-founding-entities-emurgo-iohk-and-cardano-foundation-during-consensus-week-2022/)
 ).

### 🌍 Cardano Foundation 

Based in Switzerland, the Cardano Foundation is an independent organization dedicated to advancing the Cardano ecosystem globally. Its focus includes promoting the Cardano platform, overseeing its development, and engaging with the community to support the blockchain’s use in various sectors, from finance to education​( [Home | cardano.org | Cardano](https://cardano.org/entities/)
).

--------

## **Key Focus Points**:

### 🌟 Mission and Vision: 

- Cardano was created to be a scalable, interoperable, and sustainable blockchain, addressing the shortcomings of earlier platforms like Bitcoin and Ethereum.

### 🔧 Specific Contributions: 

- Each entity contributed uniquely—IOHK with its research and development, Emurgo with its commercial ventures, and the Cardano Foundation with its governance and community engagement.

### 🏆Key Milestones: 

- The launch of Cardano, the implementation of the Shelley upgrade (introducing decentralization through stake pools), and ongoing advancements in smart contracts and decentralized applications. 

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Lesson 1 - Introduction to Cardano’s Origins

# 🎯 Objective
In this lesson, you'll embark on an insightful journey through Cardano’s evolution—from its early centralized beginnings to its ambitious goal of becoming a fully decentralized and community-driven blockchain. Together, we'll explore the strategic decisions, principles, and significant milestones that have shaped Cardano into what it is today. This isn't just a technical transformation; it’s a philosophical one that reflects Cardano's commitment to empowering its global community.

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## 📚 Content Overview: 
Imagine Cardano as a living, breathing entity that has grown and evolved over time. Its roadmap isn't just a series of technical upgrades; it's a carefully planned journey that reflects Cardano's values and vision for the future. Let’s break it down era by era, understanding not just what happened, but why it mattered, emphasizing the milestones that facilitated Cardano’s transition to decentralization and its ongoing development towards a fully community-governed blockchain.

> Review the official research at [Cardano.org/research](https://cardano.org/research)

----------


### 🏁 The Byron Era: 

Think of Byron as the early days of a new community coming together. This was the birth of Cardano, where the focus was on creating a secure foundation—establishing ADA as the native currency and launching the Daedalus wallet. But it wasn’t just about the tech; it was about setting the stage for a much larger vision.

> A period dedicated to building a foundational federated network that enabled the purchase and sale of ada. The network ran the proof-of-stake Ouroboros consensus protocol.

### 🏗️ The Shelley Era: 

Shelley represents Cardano’s coming-of-age moment. It’s here that Cardano took its first major steps towards decentralization by introducing staking and delegation. Suddenly, ADA holders weren’t just passive investors—they were active participants, with the power to secure the network and earn rewards. This era marked the true beginning of Cardano’s community-driven ethos.

> A period of growth and development occurred for the network, focusing on ensuring greater decentralization. This phase led to enhanced security and a more robust environment, following the transition where the majority of nodes became operated by network participants.

### 🔄 The Goguen Era: 

With Goguen, Cardano moved from a secure network to a programmable one. This era unlocked the potential for decentralized applications (DApps) by introducing smart contracts. But Goguen wasn’t just about adding functionality; it was about expanding the ecosystem and inviting innovation from developers around the world. Cardano became more than just a blockchain; it became a platform for possibility.

> The Goguen era introduced smart-contract functionality, enabling the construction of decentralized applications while supporting multifunctional assets, fungible, and non-fungible token standards.

### 📈 The Basho Era: 
Basho is all about scalability and efficiency. As Cardano’s community and applications grew, so did the need to support them. Enter sidechains and other innovations designed to keep the network fast, secure, and capable of handling massive growth. Basho ensures that Cardano remains sustainable, even as it scales.

> An era of optimization, improving the scalability and interoperability of the network. Enhancing the network performance, Basho will introduce sidechains, new blockchains, interoperable with the main Cardano chain, with immense potential to extend the network’s capabilities.

### 🗳️ The Voltaire Era: 

Finally, Voltaire is where Cardano truly becomes a community-owned project. This era introduces decentralized governance, giving ADA holders the power to vote on network changes and fund proposals through a treasury system. Voltaire isn’t just a technical upgrade; it’s the realization of Cardano’s vision of a blockchain governed by its users.

> The development era is currently enabling the Cardano network to become a self-sustaining system. Voltaire is introducing a voting and treasury system that allows network participants to use their stake and voting rights to influence the future development of the blockchain.

----------

## **Key Focus Points**:
### 🗺️ Understanding Cardano's Roadmap: 

- Cardano's roadmap isn't just a technical progression—it's a blueprint for decentralization. Each era (Byron, Shelley, Goguen, Basho, and Voltaire) represents a deliberate step towards transferring control from a central authority to the global community.

### 🔬 The Role of Research: 

- Cardano’s emphasis on academic research ensures that every decision and development is backed by scientific rigor. This research-driven approach not only sets Cardano apart from other blockchains but also guarantees that its foundation is secure, scalable, and future-proof.

### 🏆 Milestones of Decentralization: 

- Each milestone in Cardano's evolution—from the introduction of staking with Shelley to the implementation of decentralized governance in Voltaire—demonstrates the platform's dedication to empowering its community. These achievements are more than technical; they mark significant shifts in how control and trust are distributed throughout the network.

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Lesson 2 - The Evolution to Decentralization

# 🎯 Objective

In this lesson, you'll delve into the guiding principles that make Cardano more than just a blockchain. Transparency, inclusivity, and collaboration aren’t just buzzwords—they are the core values that drive everything Cardano does. Together, we'll explore how these principles are embedded in the ecosystem and why they are essential to its success.

----------

## 📚 Content Overview: 

Cardano is more than a technological platform—it's a movement. At its core are values that ensure it remains not just secure and scalable, but also fair, accessible, and collaborative. Let’s dive into these principles and see how they manifest in Cardano’s operations and governance.

----------

### 🔍 Transparency:

In the Cardano ecosystem, transparency goes beyond simply making information available—it’s about building and maintaining trust. Through its commitment to open-source development, Cardano ensures that its code is accessible and verifiable by anyone, fostering a collaborative environment where the community can actively participate in development. Coupled with a research-backed approach, where every protocol is grounded in peer-reviewed academic studies, Cardano provides clear, evidence-based decision-making. Additionally, public voting processes allow the community to oversee and influence governance, ensuring that every action is visible, accountable, and aligned with the principles of decentralization.

### 🌐 Inclusivity: 

Cardano’s vision is to create a platform that benefits everyone, regardless of their background or location. This inclusivity is realized through initiatives that lower barriers to entry, such as educational programs that empower individuals with blockchain knowledge and partnerships in underrepresented regions to bring financial services where they’re needed most. Additionally, Cardano develops tools like lightweight wallets and mobile-friendly apps, making it easier for people with varying levels of access and expertise to engage with the ecosystem. These efforts ensure that Cardano is accessible and beneficial to a global audience.

### 🤝 Collaboration: 

Collaboration is the lifeblood of Cardano, driving innovation and growth across the ecosystem. This collaboration is evident in the partnerships between developers, businesses, and global organizations, but it extends even further through initiatives like Project Catalyst, which empowers the community to propose and vote on projects that shape Cardano’s future. The Intersect MBO (Member-Based Organization) also plays a crucial role, bringing together stakeholders to guide Cardano’s development in a structured, democratic way. Additionally, various community groups and organizations work together to ensure that Cardano continues to evolve in ways that benefit the entire ecosystem, fostering a culture of shared innovation and collective progress.

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## **Key Focus Points:**

### 🔍 Understanding Transparency

- Transparency in Cardano isn't just about being open—it's about building trust. By ensuring that every process, from governance to development, is visible and verifiable, Cardano creates a sense of security and accountability. 

### 🌐 Inclusivity in Practice

- Inclusivity is at the heart of Cardano’s mission. By making the platform accessible to a diverse global audience, Cardano ensures that its benefits are widespread and not limited to a select few. 

### 🤝 Collaboration as a Strength 

- Collaboration within the Cardano ecosystem isn’t just encouraged; it’s essential. By fostering partnerships between developers, businesses, and communities, Cardano ensures continuous growth and adaptability.


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Lesson 3 - Core Principles of the Cardano Ecosystem

## Time to test your knowledge on Cardano's origins with a short quiz!

## Good luck! You can do it!



Chapter 1 Quiz

Chapter 1 - Foundations of the Cardano Blockchain Ecosystem

# 🎯 Objective: 
Participants will gain a comprehensive understanding of Cardano's governance structure, focusing on the decentralized, on-chain model and the roles of key governance bodies: Delegated Representatives (DReps), Stake Pool Operators (SPOs), and the Constitutional Committee (CC).

## 📖 Content Overview:

Cardano's governance framework is designed to reflect the principles of decentralization, transparency, and community involvement. At its core, the system is based on three independent governance bodies, each playing a vital role in maintaining checks and balances within the ecosystem:

### 🗳️ Delegated Representatives (DReps): 
DReps are ADA holders or groups that participate directly in governance by voting on proposals. They can represent themselves or others who delegate their voting power to them. This model allows for flexible, liquid democracy where voting power can be easily transferred or adjusted​.

### 🏗️ Stake Pool Operators (SPOs): 
SPOs are responsible for maintaining the network by running nodes. They also have governance responsibilities, particularly in approving critical actions like protocol parameter changes and hard forks. SPOs act as a technical and independent check within the governance system​.

### ⚖️ Constitutional Committee (CC): 
The CC ensures that all governance actions comply with the Constitution. They are tasked with reviewing and validating proposals before they are enacted, ensuring they align with Cardano's principles and legal frameworks​​.

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## Key Focus Points:

### 🌐 Decentralized Governance: 

- Cardano’s governance is a decentralized, on-chain model that distributes decision-making power across various stakeholders, ensuring a fair and resilient system. This structure prevents any single entity from dominating the network, thereby maintaining balance and fairness.

### 🔑 Role of Key Governance Bodies: 

- Understanding the roles of DReps, SPOs, and the CC is crucial for appreciating how Cardano maintains a checks-and-balances system within its governance framework. Each body contributes to the ecosystem's stability and resilience by fulfilling specific responsibilities.

### 👥 Community Involvement: 

- The framework encourages active community participation through delegation and voting, ensuring that ADA holders have a direct impact on governance decisions. This participatory approach is key to Cardano’s mission of creating a truly decentralized and community-driven platform.


Lesson 1 - Understanding Cardano's Governance Structure

# 🎯 Objective: 
In this lesson, you’ll explore the role of Cardano’s Interim Constitution within the newly established governance framework, focusing on its purpose and key provisions. By the end of this lesson, you’ll understand how the Interim Constitution safeguards Cardano’s principles during the transition into the Voltaire era and guides the ecosystem’s evolution.

## 📖 Content Overview:

As Cardano enters the Voltaire era, governance becomes increasingly critical. The Interim Constitution serves as a foundational document that provides the legal and operational framework for governance during this transitional phase. It establishes key guardrails to ensure that all actions within the Cardano ecosystem align with its core principles of decentralization, transparency, and community involvement. This lesson will detail the structure and purpose of the Interim Constitution, providing a clear understanding of how it guides decision-making and maintains stability in the evolving governance model.

For a detailed exploration, you can access the [Official Interim Constitution here](https://constitution.gov.tools/en/interim-constitution). Below, we summarize the key aspects of this important document:

## 📜 Overview of the Interim Constitution:

### 🔍 Purpose and Significance 

- The Interim Constitution is designed to serve as a temporary guiding document that governs Cardano during its transition into the Voltaire era. It ensures that all governance actions adhere to the established principles and provides stability as the community develops and eventually adopts a permanent constitution.

### 🛡️ Guardrails for Governance: 

- The Interim Constitution establishes specific guardrails to ensure that governance decisions remain aligned with Cardano’s mission. These include guidelines on who can propose changes, how those proposals are evaluated, and the processes by which they are approved or rejected.

### ⚖️ Core Principles: 

- The Interim Constitution enshrines Cardano’s commitment to decentralization, transparency, and community involvement. It mandates that all governance actions be consistent with these principles, ensuring that the network remains secure, fair, and inclusive.


----------


## 🛡️ Key Provisions and Guardrails:

### 📜 Proposal Mechanisms

- The Interim Constitution outlines who can propose changes to the Cardano governance framework, including DReps, SPOs, and other recognized stakeholders. Proposals must be submitted in a manner consistent with the Constitution’s guidelines, ensuring that they are well-founded and in the ecosystem's best interest.

### 🔍 Review and Approval Process: 

- Proposals are subject to a rigorous review process, where they are evaluated for alignment with Cardano’s principles. The Constitutional Committee (CC) plays a critical role in this process, ensuring that all actions comply with the Interim Constitution before they are enacted.

### ⚖️ Checks and Balances: 

- The Interim Constitution introduces several checks and balances to prevent any single entity from exerting undue influence over the governance process. This includes the roles of DReps, SPOs, and the CC, each of which has specific responsibilities to ensure the integrity of governance actions.

### 🔄 No-Confidence Mechanism: 

- A crucial feature of the Interim Constitution is the no-confidence mechanism, which allows the community to hold the Constitutional Committee accountable. If the CC is perceived to be acting contrary to the best interests of the ecosystem, the community can initiate a no-confidence vote, potentially leading to the reform or replacement of the CC.

### ⏳ Interim Status: 

- The Constitution is explicitly labeled as "interim," signaling that it is a temporary measure. This indicates the community’s intent to refine and replace it with a permanent constitution that better reflects the matured state of Cardano’s governance as it evolves through the Voltaire era.

----------

## **Key Focus Points**:

### 📜 Temporary Framework: 

- The Interim Constitution serves as a provisional guide during the transition to the Voltaire era, structuring Cardano’s governance to ensure stability and alignment with its core principles.

### 🛡️ Protecting Decentralization: 

- It establishes clear guidelines and guardrails to prevent centralization, ensuring that decision-making power is distributed across multiple stakeholders, which is essential for maintaining a resilient and democratic governance structure.

### ⚖️ Safeguards and Accountability: 

- The Interim Constitution includes vital mechanisms such as checks and balances and the no-confidence vote to uphold accountability and protect the integrity of the governance process.

### 🏗️ Laying the Foundation for the Future: 

- By providing a stable governance framework, the Interim Constitution paves the way for the development and eventual adoption of a permanent constitution, guiding Cardano's long-term growth and success.

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Lesson 2 - Cardano's Interim Constitution

# 🎯 Objective: 
In this lesson, you’ll delve into the specifics of the Constitutional Committee (CC) within Cardano’s governance model, focusing on the responsibilities, powers, and the structure of this critical body. By the end of this lesson, you’ll understand who was elected to the CC, the duration of their terms, how they will be reelected, and the separation of powers between the CC, Delegated Representatives (DReps), and Stake Pool Operators (SPOs).

## 📖 Content Overview:

The Constitutional Committee (CC) is a cornerstone of Cardano’s governance model, particularly as the ecosystem transitions into the Voltaire era. Acting as the ultimate safeguard for Cardano’s principles and legal framework, the CC is entrusted with significant powers and responsibilities. This lesson will delve into the specific powers and abilities of the CC, including its role in reviewing and approving governance actions, its commitment to transparency and accountability, and its accountability to the community through the no-confidence mechanism.

## ⚖️ Structure and Responsibilities of the Constitutional Committee:

### Composition and Election of the CC:

- The Interim Constitutional Committee (Interim CC) consists of seven members. Three of these members were elected by the community through a stake-weighted ranked choice voting process. The other four seats are held by representatives from the Cardano Foundation, EMURGO, Input Output Global (IOG), and Intersect.

- The members of the Interim CC serve a term of 73 epochs, roughly one year, starting from the date of the Chang upgrade. After this period, new elections will be held to either reelect the current members or elect new ones.

### Powers and Responsibilities:

- **Review and Approval**: The CC has the authority to review and approve key governance actions, such as protocol changes and treasury withdrawals. This ensures that all actions align with the Interim Constitution and uphold Cardano’s core principles.

- **Veto Power**: The CC holds veto power over any governance proposals that it deems unconstitutional, ensuring that governance decisions do not compromise the integrity of the network.

----------

## 🔍 Separation of Powers and Interactions with DReps and SPOs:

### Delegated Representatives (DReps):

- DReps operate in a liquid democratic framework, where ADA holders can either vote directly or delegate their voting power to DReps. DReps play a crucial role in Cardano’s governance by voting on proposals and representing the broader community’s interests.

- DReps and the CC work closely, as DReps submit governance proposals which the CC must review for constitutional compliance. This relationship ensures that community-driven initiatives align with the ecosystem's legal framework.

### Stake Pool Operators (SPOs):

- SPOs are responsible for maintaining the network's infrastructure by running nodes, but they also play a critical role in governance. They have voting rights on major governance decisions, such as protocol updates and hard forks.

- The SPOs provide a technical check within the governance framework, complementing the CC’s role by ensuring that the network’s operational aspects are secure and sustainable.

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## 🛠️ Accountability and Transparency:
### No-Confidence Mechanism:

- The CC is directly accountable to the Cardano community through a no-confidence mechanism. If ADA holders believe the CC is not acting in the best interests of the ecosystem, they can initiate a no-confidence vote. If successful, this vote can lead to the reformation or replacement of the CC members.

### Transparency in Operations:

- The CC operates with a high level of transparency, regularly publishing its decisions and the rationales behind them. This transparency is critical for maintaining trust within the community and ensuring that governance processes remain open and understandable.


## **Key Focus Points**:

### 🛡️ Safeguarding the Constitution: 

- The CC is essential in ensuring that all governance actions align with the Constitution, protecting the network’s stability and ethical foundation.


### 🔍 Role Clarity and Separation of Powers: 

- Understanding the distinct roles of the CC, DReps, and SPOs is crucial for appreciating how checks and balances are maintained within Cardano’s governance framework.

### ⚖️ Accountability and Community Empowerment: 

- The no-confidence mechanism allows the community to hold the CC accountable, ensuring it acts in the best interests of the ecosystem and reinforcing the participatory nature of Cardano’s governance.

----------



Lesson 3 - The Constitutional Committee and Its Role in Governance

# 🎯 Objective: 
This lesson is designed to prepare participants for active and effective involvement in the upcoming Cardano Constitutional Workshops and the Constitutional Convention in Argentina. By providing the essential tools, knowledge, and mindset, this lesson will equip participants to meaningfully contribute to the development of the Cardano Constitution. Participants will gain a deep understanding of the necessary pre-workshop preparation, including key materials and discussion topics, and will explore strategies for collaboration and decision-making within a decentralized governance context. Ultimately, this lesson aims to empower participants to engage confidently in these global events, helping shape the future of Cardano’s governance.

## 📖 Content Overview:

As Cardano progresses through the Voltaire era, community involvement in shaping the governance framework is more critical than ever. This lesson is dedicated to preparing participants for the 50 global Cardano Constitutional Workshops and the pivotal Constitutional Convention in Argentina in December. These events are integral to the development of Cardano’s governance model, as they will involve community discussions, debates, and decisions that will shape the final Cardano Constitution.

This lesson will guide participants through practical considerations for these workshops, from pre-event preparation to effective participation during discussions.

**Key Dates:**

- **Global Constitutional Workshops**: Ongoing across 50 locations globally. Check the official [Constitutional Workshops page](https://lu.ma/constitution) for dates and locations.

- **Constitutional Convention in Argentina**: Scheduled for December, this convention will be a major event where representatives, elected by the community, will work together to draft and finalize the Cardano Constitution.

----------

## 🔍 Pre-Workshop Preparation:

### **Material Review:**

- **Foundational Materials**: Participants should review the foundational documents related to Cardano’s governance model, including the Interim Constitution, CIP-1694, and related governance proposals. Familiarity with these documents is essential for understanding the discussions at the workshops.

- **Cardano Constitution Principles**: Focus on the core principles that will guide the drafting of the Constitution, such as decentralization, transparency, community involvement, and sustainability.

- **Key Topics**: Participants should be well-versed in key discussion topics, such as the roles of DReps, SPOs, and the Constitutional Committee, as well as critical governance mechanisms like the no-confidence vote and proposal review processes.

### **Mindset for Participation**:

- **Decentralized Governance**: Understand the importance of Cardano’s decentralized governance framework and how it empowers the community to have a direct say in the platform’s future.

- **Collaborative Contribution**: Embrace a collaborative mindset, recognizing that effective participation requires open-mindedness, respect for diverse opinions, and a willingness to engage in constructive dialogue.

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### **🔑 Discussion Framework**:

- **Constitutional Clauses**: Discussions will likely focus on specific clauses of the proposed Constitution, such as those related to governance processes, decision-making authority, and the checks and balances within the system.

- **Decision-Making Processes**: Engage in discussions about how decisions will be made within the governance framework, including the role of community voting, the Constitutional Committee’s oversight, and the mechanisms for proposing and approving changes.

- **Enforcement Mechanisms**: Consider the ways in which the Constitution will be enforced, including the processes for ensuring compliance with its principles and the consequences for violations.


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### **Collaboration Techniques**:

Consensus-Building: Learn strategies for building consensus in decentralized settings, ensuring that decisions reflect the collective will of the community while respecting minority views.
Constructive Debate: Develop skills in engaging in productive debates, where differing opinions are discussed openly and respectfully, with the goal of reaching a well-rounded and informed decision.
Open-Mindedness: Cultivate an attitude of openness to new ideas and perspectives, recognizing that the strength of decentralized governance lies in the diversity of its participants.

## **Key Focus Points**:

- **Comprehensive Understanding**: Effective participation in the workshops requires a deep understanding of Cardano’s governance model, the principles outlined in the Interim Constitution, and the roles of key governance bodies like DReps, SPOs, and the CC.

- **Preparation for Discussion**: Preparing for discussions on specific constitutional clauses is essential for making meaningful contributions during the workshops.

- **Collaborative Governance**: Successful decentralized decision-making depends on collaboration and openness, as these workshops will require participants to work together to draft a Constitution that reflects the community’s shared values and goals.

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Lesson 4 - Preparing for the Cardano Constitutional Workshops

## Time to test your knowledge on Cardano Governance with a short quiz!

## This is your final hurdle to success! You can do it!


Chapter 2 Quiz

Chapter 2 - Governance Framework and Participatory Roles

The Cardano Constitutional Workshop Prep Course is a focused learning program designed to prepare participants for active engagement in the Cardano governance process. Through this course, you'll gain essential insights into the Cardano Blockchain's Draft and Interim Constitutions, understand key governance roles like Delegated Representatives (DReps) and Stake Pool Operators (SPOs), and explore the proposed decentralized governance model, CIP-1694. Ideal for ADA holders and community members, this course equips you with the knowledge and skills needed to meaningfully participate in the upcoming Cardano Constitutional Workshop.

The Cardano Constitutional Workshop Prep Course equips you with the essential knowledge to participate in Cardano's governance, covering the Draft and Interim Constitutions, key roles, and the CIP-1694 governance model. Perfect for ADA holders and community members, this course prepares you for active engagement in the Cardano Constitutional Workshop.

Cardano Constitutional Workshop Prep Course

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